Table 1 |
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|
Comparison of the biomechanical characteristics of the intact ligaments, various reconstruction and augmentation methods |
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| Characteristic |
Native |
WD |
WD.ACJ |
WD.BS |
WD.CP |
WD.PLmt |
|
|
||||||
| Failure Loads (Superior) (kN) |
.801+/-.076 |
.118+/-.023 |
.161+/-.019 |
.573+/-.088 |
.397+/-.046 |
.276+/-.046 |
| (LCL, UCL) |
(.648, .954) |
(.071, .166) |
(.119, .204) |
(.385, .760) |
(.304, .490) |
(.168, .384) |
| Failure Loads (P-A) (kN) |
.746+/-.089 |
.103+/-.015 |
.278+/-.074 |
.188+/-.017 |
||
| (LCL, UCL) |
(.529, .963) |
(.067, .139) |
(.097, .459) |
(.148, .229) |
||
| Stiffness (Superior) (kN/mm) |
.079+/-.009 |
.006+/-.000 |
.015+/-.001) |
.121+/-.016 |
.025+/-.003 |
.016+/-.002 |
| (LCL, UCL) |
(.059, .100) |
(.005, .008) |
(.012, .018) |
(.084,.157) |
(.017, .032) |
(.010, .021) |
| Stiffness (P-A) (kN/mm) |
.022+/-.004 |
.004+/-.000 |
.042+/-.016 |
.012+/-.000 |
||
| (LCL, UCL) |
(.012, .031) |
(.002, .005) |
(.003,.080) |
(.010, .013) |
||
| Displacement (Superior) (mm) |
25.25+/-1.77 |
28.70+/-1.93 |
29.43+/-2.63 |
21.92+/-4.11 |
26.61+/-1.26 |
31.16+/-3.45 |
| (LCL, UCL) |
(21.70, 28.81) |
(24.73, 32.67) |
(23.67, 35.16) |
(13.06, 13.80) |
(24.05,29.18) |
(23.02, 39.31) |
| Displacement (P-A) (mm) |
56.36+/-9.80 |
43.05+/-5.46 |
38.65+/-7.48 |
41.46+/-4.63 |
||
| (LCL, UCL) |
(32.38, 80.33) |
(29.69, 56.40) |
(20.343, 56.95) |
(30.14, 52.77) |
||
| Failure Modes |
Midsubstance |
Suture failure |
Suture pullout |
Screw pullout |
clavicle |
suture |
| tear 90% |
at knot-clavicle |
90% |
100% |
fracture 70% |
breakage 10% |
|
| Ligament insertion site |
interface |
breakage |
acromion |
knot |
||
| failure 10% |
100% |
10% |
fracture 30% |
breakage 90% |
||
| (LCL, UCL)-lower and upper confidence limit |
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Luis et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2007 2:22 doi:10.1186/1749-799X-2-22 |
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