Review

Virtual interactive musculoskeletal system (VIMS) in orthopaedic research, education and clinical patient care

Edmund YS Chao^1,5 , Robert S Armiger^2,5 , Hiroaki Yoshida^3,5 , Jonathan Lim^{5^} and Naoki Haraguchi^4,5

¹  Bjed Consulting, LLC, 9114, Filaree Ct. Corona, CA, 92883, USA

²  Department of Bioengineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA

³  Digital Human Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Water Front, 3F, 2-41-6 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan

⁴  Department of Orthopaedics, Tokyo Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

⁵  Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

author email corresponding author email^Deceased

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2007, 2:2doi:10.1186/1749-799X-2-2

Published:	8 March 2007

Abstract

The ability to combine physiology and engineering analyses with computer sciences has opened the door to the possibility of creating the "Virtual Human" reality. This paper presents a broad foundation for a full-featured biomechanical simulator for the human musculoskeletal system physiology. This simulation technology unites the expertise in biomechanical analysis and graphic modeling to investigate joint and connective tissue mechanics at the structural level and to visualize the results in both static and animated forms together with the model. Adaptable anatomical models including prosthetic implants and fracture fixation devices and a robust computational infrastructure for static, kinematic, kinetic, and stress analyses under varying boundary and loading conditions are incorporated on a common platform, the VIMS (Virtual Interactive Musculoskeletal System). Within this software system, a manageable database containing long bone dimensions, connective tissue material properties and a library of skeletal joint system functional activities and loading conditions are also available and they can easily be modified, updated and expanded. Application software is also available to allow end-users to perform biomechanical analyses interactively. Examples using these models and the computational algorithms in a virtual laboratory environment are used to demonstrate the utility of these unique database and simulation technology. This integrated system, model library and database will impact on orthopaedic education, basic research, device development and application, and clinical patient care related to musculoskeletal joint system reconstruction, trauma management, and rehabilitation.